Author Archives: Ian MacLean-Evans

            Historically, the work of 17th century philosopher Baruch Spinoza (born Baruch Espinosa), evoked controversy. In 1656 he was excommunicated, or issued a “cherem”, from his Sephardic Jewish religious community on the basis of the “abominable heresies which he practiced and taught”.[i] The larger world of Christian Europe was no more pleased with him. InContinue reading “Philosopher Spotlight: Spinoza, a Joyful Heretic”